Subject
Gerund sebagai subjek pokok kalimat, contoh:
- Swimming is good service.- Your singing is very beautiful.
- Studying needs time and patience.
- Playing tennis is fun.
- Reading English is easier than speaking it.
Subjective Complement
Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului to be yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:
- My favorite sport is running.- My favorite activity is reading.
Direct Object
Gerund sebagai objek langsung dalam kalimat, contoh:
- I enjoy dancing.- She likes dancing.
- Thank you for your coming.
- I hate arguing.
Object of Preposition
Gerund sebagai objek preposisi yang terletak setelah preposisi. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah of, on, no, with, without, at for, after, before, because of, to, like, about, for, by, in.
Contoh:
- He is tired of gambling.- I am fond of eating bakso.
- He insisted on seeing her.
- I have no objection to hearing your story.
- You will not be clever without studying.
- They are good at telling funny stories.
- In sleeping I met you in the park.
Appositive
Gerund sebagai aposisi atau penegas dalam kalimat, contoh:
- My hobby, fishing, is interesting.- I do not like quarrelling, a useless job.
My hobby is fishing dan fishing is interesting diletakkan bersebelahan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai appositive (fishing adalah aposisi dari my hobby), begitu juga contoh kalimat dibawahnya.
sumber : http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/gerunds.html
Minggu, 08 April 2012
ciri-ciri dari gerunds
Gerund dibentuk dari : Bentuk dasar kata kerja + ing
Misalnya : smoking, shopping, hunting dan sebagainya.
Bentuk Gerund adalah sama seperti bentuk Present Participle, dan keduanya merupakan bagian dari kata kerja. Perbedaannya : Gerund merupakan sejenis kata benda, tetapi Present Participle adalah semacam kata sifat. Oleh karena itu, meskipun serupa atau sama dalam bentuknya, keduanya sangat berbeda dalam sifatnya
Sebab musabab kemiripan dalam bentuk merupakan soal sejarah. Dalam bahasa Inggris kuno bentuk Verbal Noun dan verbal Adjective sangat berbeda :
Writende (Present Participle)
writing (gerund)
Dalam kalimat, gerund berfungsi sebagai:
a. subjek (subject)
b. pelengkap subjek (subjective complement)
c. objek langsung (direct object)
d. objek preposisi (object of preposition)
e. aposisi (appositive)
a. subjek (subject)
b. pelengkap subjek (subjective complement)
c. objek langsung (direct object)
d. objek preposisi (object of preposition)
e. aposisi (appositive)
sumber: http://princeznaj.blogspot.com/2010/05/gerund.html
http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/04/gerunds.html
DEFINIS GERUND
Gerund itu sendiri memiliki pengertian atau definisi yaitu suatu bentuk kata kerja + ing
yang berfungsi sebagai benda, biasanya menggambarkan proses. Oleh
karena itu gerund bisa menduduki fungsi subjek, objek, pelengkap atau
keterangan.
Contoh :
- Fishing makes me very happy (memancing membuatku sangat bergembira).
Fishing disini adlah gerund bergunsi sebagai subjek.
- You should finish reading it before he comes (kamu harus selesai membaca sebelum dia datang).
Reading adalah gerund berfungsi sebagai objek.
- My hobby is singing (hobi saya adalah menyanyi)
Singing disini berfungsi sebagai keterangan.Kamis, 05 April 2012
Soal dan jawaban tugas bahasa inggris
Tugas I
1. Problems in programs are caused by bugs
2. Silicon chips contain a set of integrated circuits, reduced to a very small size.
3. Obtaining information is done by processing data.
4. Software produces images which can appear on the screen as graphics.
5. Memory that is permanent, cannot be written to, and can only be read, is ROM..
6. Memory into which information can be loaded and from which data can be read, is RAM
7. Operators load into the computer's memory a program that they want to use.
8. Analysing ways of doing things, and of improving them, is done by system analysts.
9. "What you see is what you get" explains WYSIWYG
10. A single disk can contain a large number of different files
11. Control can carry out instructions or operations when certain conditions occur.
12. The operators scroll lines of text up the screen, so that a new line appears at the bottom and the top line disappears.
Tugas II
1.The employees responsible for carrying out general office duties, filling in forms and keeping statistics are supervisors.
2.The employees who sell a company's products are the sales representatives, usually known as vendors.
3.The employees who decide what to purchase, and who make the purchases of finished goods or components to be made into goods, are the procucers.
4. The employees who are responsible for seeing that the finished goods are well made are the quality controllers.
5. The clerical workers who use typewriters or word processors and who produce letters, memos or othe documents, are secretaries.
6. The employees who check a company's financial affairs are the accountants.
7. The employees who are responsible for preparing checks, pay packets and pay slips are the paying clerks.
8. The workers who process data, under the control of managers and supervisors, are the computer operators.
9. The person who greets a visitor and tells him or her how to get to the right office is the receptionist.
10. The employees who deal with a company's telephone calls are the switchboard operators
11. The Board of director is responsible for deciding on and controlling the strategy of a corporation or company.
12. Small businesses depend on investors providing cooperative capital.
13. Investors are influenced by the projected market on their capital.
14. The capital needed to run a business is provided by investment.
15. Rent and rates, which do not change as turnover volume changes, make up the fixed costs of a company.
1. Problems in programs are caused by bugs
2. Silicon chips contain a set of integrated circuits, reduced to a very small size.
3. Obtaining information is done by processing data.
4. Software produces images which can appear on the screen as graphics.
5. Memory that is permanent, cannot be written to, and can only be read, is ROM..
6. Memory into which information can be loaded and from which data can be read, is RAM
7. Operators load into the computer's memory a program that they want to use.
8. Analysing ways of doing things, and of improving them, is done by system analysts.
9. "What you see is what you get" explains WYSIWYG
10. A single disk can contain a large number of different files
11. Control can carry out instructions or operations when certain conditions occur.
12. The operators scroll lines of text up the screen, so that a new line appears at the bottom and the top line disappears.
Tugas II
1.The employees responsible for carrying out general office duties, filling in forms and keeping statistics are supervisors.
2.The employees who sell a company's products are the sales representatives, usually known as vendors.
3.The employees who decide what to purchase, and who make the purchases of finished goods or components to be made into goods, are the procucers.
4. The employees who are responsible for seeing that the finished goods are well made are the quality controllers.
5. The clerical workers who use typewriters or word processors and who produce letters, memos or othe documents, are secretaries.
6. The employees who check a company's financial affairs are the accountants.
7. The employees who are responsible for preparing checks, pay packets and pay slips are the paying clerks.
8. The workers who process data, under the control of managers and supervisors, are the computer operators.
9. The person who greets a visitor and tells him or her how to get to the right office is the receptionist.
10. The employees who deal with a company's telephone calls are the switchboard operators
11. The Board of director is responsible for deciding on and controlling the strategy of a corporation or company.
12. Small businesses depend on investors providing cooperative capital.
13. Investors are influenced by the projected market on their capital.
14. The capital needed to run a business is provided by investment.
15. Rent and rates, which do not change as turnover volume changes, make up the fixed costs of a company.
materi tentang reported speech
Reported Speech - Indirect Speech
Indirect Speech (also referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said.
1. If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original..
For example:
- He said the test was difficult.
- She said she watched TV every day.
- Jack said he came to school every day.
For example:
- He says the test is difficult.
- She has said that she watches TV every day.
- Jack will say that he comes to school every day.
For example:The teacher said that phrasal verbs are very important.
Changing Pronouns and Time Signifiers
When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.
For example:
- She said, "I want to bring my children." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children.
- Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show.
For example:
- She said, "I want to bring my children tomorrow." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.
- Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show yesterday." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show the day before.
When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When reporting yes/ no questions connect the reported question using 'if'. When reporting questions using question words (why, where, when, etc.) use the question word.
For example:
- She asked, "Do you want to come with me?" BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to come with her.
- Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" BECOMES Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.
- He asked, "Why are you studying English?" BECOMES She asked me why I was studying English.
Sumber : http://esl.about.com/od/grammarintermediate/a/reported_speech.htm
tidak patut di contoh
opinion about flood
In my opinion, the government think that the community's problem just an usual thing. example : the flood problems. As though, they just say that just a little puddle. that makes the community aslo have an opinion that the government's care just like picture above. actually, the community must have an awareness because not only the government must be blamed but also the community inside. For example : throw the waste in the trash can and keep cleaning.
actually, the government and the community have to work together. the way is the government have to give the grants and the facilities to keep the environment cleans. one real example is give the counseling how to keep that environment. and the community can do it. that combination is needed in order the flood doesn't happen.
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