How do we change a direct speech into indirect speech

Dalam mengubah direct speech menjadi indirect speech,, ada beberapa hal yang harus di perhatikan, yaitu :
Pada direct speech menggunakan tanda kutip dua sedangkan indirect speech tidak. Jadi tanda kutip duanya harus dihilangkan. Pada indirect speech ditambahkan kata penghubung 'that', namun kata 'that ini tidak harus ada.

Dalam mengubah direct menjadi indirect ada beberapa yang di ubah, yaitu :
1. Perubahan Tenses
     

DIRECT	INDIRECT
V1	V2
V2	Had V3
Is/am	Was
Are	Were
Have/has	Had
Do/does	Did
Did	Had V3
Can	Could
May	Might
Must	Had to
Shall	Should
Will	Would
Ought to Could Might V1 / be Should Would	Ought to Could Might V3/been Would
Was / were	Had been
Need not	Did not have to

2. Perubahan Pronoun

Direct	Indirect
I We	She / he They

3. Perubahan Waktu / kata Keterangan

DIRECT	INDIRECT
Now	Then
Today	That day
Tomorrow	The next day, The day after, The following day
Next week	The following week
Yesterday	The day before
Last night	The night before
Last week	The week before

4. Perubahan Demonstrative Pronouns

DIRECT	INDIRECT
This	That
These	Those

5. Perubahan Possesive Pronouns

DIRECT	INDIRECT
My	Her/his
Our	Their

Sumber : Ikhsan Haryono /GAMA '83