Conditional sentence

Conditional sentence is a sentence that expresses a wish, hope, plan, etc. ( kalimat pengandaian aalah kalimat yang mengandaikan suatu keinginan, harapan, rencana, dll) that may be : possible (yang mungkin terjadi), unreal or contracy to the fact (tak terpeuhi/angan-angan), or impossible (yang tak mungkin terjadi).

Sumber : Riyanto,S.2009.A handbook of English grammar.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

There are 3 types of conditional sentence ( ada 3 tipe kalimat pengandaian), yaitu :

1.      Future conditional

Is used to express a wish, hope, or plan that may be possible to happen ( digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan ataupun rencana yang mungkin terjadi).

Rumusnya :

·      If + subject₁+s.present+subject₂+will/can/may+V₁(simple form)

Ex: if I have money I will buy a new car.

·      If+subject₁+simple present…+subject₂+simple present

Ex : if he has euough time, john usually walks to school.

·      If+subject+simple present…+command form

Ex: if you go to the post office, please mail thisletter for me !

2.      Present conditional

Is used to express a wish, hope, or plan that may be unreal or contrary to the fact to happen ( digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan, ataupun rencana yang tak terpenuhi/angan-angan).

Rumus :

     ( If+subject₁+simple past+subject₂+would/could/might+V₁₎

Ex :  If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend

(saya tidak punya waktu sehinga saya tidak bisa pergi)

- Untuk if clause dalam bentuk ini hanya tobe “were” yang dipergunakan untuk semua subjek.

- “if” pada conditional tipe 2 ini dapat dihilangkan dengan cara:

(      Were+subject₁+adj/noun…subject₂+would/could/might+V₁₎

Ex : Were I john I would not forgive you

( kalau saja saya si john saya tidak akan meaafkanmu : kenyataannya saya bukan john jadi saya memaafkan kamu)

3.      Past conditional

Is used to express a wish, hope or plan that is impossible to happen ( digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu keinginan, harapan ataupun rencana yang tak terwujud (impossible).

Rumus :

·      (   If+subject₁+past perfect…subject₂+would/could/might+have V_{3 )}

Ex : If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.

( kalau saja kami tahu kamu berada di sana, kami sudah mengrim surat padamu; yang bermakna bahwa kami tidak mengirim surat karena kami tidak tahu kamu berada disana/ I didn’t know you were there so I din’t write you a letter.

·      (   Had+subject₁+V₃…subject₂+would/could/might+have V₃₎

Ex : Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.

Sumber : Ganesha Operation.2009.Kumpulan rumus.Bandung: Ganesha Operation

10 contoh kalimat conditional sentence :

1.      If I had passed the final examination, I would have continued to Gunadarma University.

2.      If I had been a millionaire, I would have tavelled around the world.

3.      If I were you, I would take that chance.

4.      If I am a TV reporter, I will interview Mr.President.

5.      If I have much money, I will travel to Bali and Lombok.

6.      If he studied harder, he would pass in his examination.

7.      It’s too ba. Jenny isn’t here. If she is here., we can continue discussing what to do.

8.      If rina were still alive, she would be seventeen.

9.      You will be sick if you don’t eat.

10.  If rose continued her study,she would become a doctor.